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Changyuan Biology | Inflammatory factor-interleukin-6
Interleukin-6 is a cytokine in the chemokine family that acts as both a Proinflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory muscle factor. In humans, it is encoded by the IL6 gene. In this issue, we will focus on Interleukin-6, a IL6 member of the cytokine family.
Introduction:
IL-6 is a class of cytokines produced by and acting on a variety of cells. It was originally produced by white blood cells and plays a role among them, and has been used ever since. IL-6 is a 212-amino-acid, single-chain protein found in the chromosome 7. In humanized mice with a high leukemia burden, human monocytes are a major source of IL1 and IL6 during CRS.
IL-6 production:
a characteristic of exogenous pathogens, called Pathogen-associated molecular pattern, that are recognized by pathogen-recognition receptors (prrs) of immune cells, such as monocytes and macrophages, in infected lesions, these prrs include Toll-like receptors (TLRs) , retinoic acid-induced gene-like receptors, nucleic acid-binding oligomeric domain-like receptors, and DNA receptors. They stimulate a range of signaling pathways, including NF-kB, and enhance mRNA transcription of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, Tumor necrosis factors (TNF)-A, and IL-1B. TNF-A and IL-1B also activate transcription factors to produce IL-6. Activation of cis-regulatory elements via IL-1, TNFTLR-mediated signaling, and induction of IL-6 promoter activation. In addition to immune-mediated cells, mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and many other cells are involved in the production of IL-6 in response to various stimuli.
Role of IL-6:
1. IL-6 is an important mediator of fever and acute phase reaction.
2. It is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and initiates the synthesis of PGE 2 in the thalamus, thereby changing the body's temperature setting.
3. In muscle and adipose tissue, IL-6 stimulates energy mobilization, leading to increased body temperature. Four.
4.Macrophages secrete IL-6 in response to specific microbial molecules called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) . These pamps bind To important innate immune system detection molecules, called Pattern recognition receptor receptors (prrs) , including To II-like receptors (tlrs) . They are present on the cell surface and in the intracellular compartments and induce a cascade of intracellular signaling that leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines.
5. IL-6 is present in many supplementary clonal media, such as Briclil-6 functional one.
6. IL-6 inhibitors (including estrogen) are used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis.
7. IL-6 is also produced by adipocytes and is thought to be responsible for higher endogenous CRP levels in obese individuals.
8. Intranasal administration of IL-6 has been shown to improve sleep-related consolidation of emotional memory.
9.IL-6 is responsible for stimulating the synthesis of acute-phase proteins and the production of neutrophil in the bone marrow. It supports the growth of B cells and antagonizes regulatory T cells.
10. When psychologically stressed, the body produces stress hormones (such as cortisol) that trigger the release of interleukin-6 into the circulatory system.
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